ROOT

 

dari berbagai Referensi Alhamdulillah bisa mendapatkan pengertian dan contoh root

Pengertian, Jenis, dan Contoh Root

Bahasa Inggris memiliki banyak root word atau akar kata yang diambil dari bahasa Yunani dan Latin. Pemahaman tentang akar kata ini dapat membantu kita dalam menebak arti kata-kata tertentu dan, pada gilirannya, akan memperkuat serta memperkaya kosakata kita secara signifikan. Berikut akan dipaparkan pengertian, jenis, dan contoh root dalam bahasa Inggris.

Pengertian Root

Root (akar kata), atau sering juga disebut root word, adalah kata atau bagian dasar kata yang mengandung makna. Dari definisi ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa root dapat berupa kata yang dapat berdiri sendiri ataupun hanya merupakan elemen kata yang masih memerlukan elemen lainnya untuk membentuk kata. Dalam bahasa Inggris, root yang berbentuk elemen kata ini biasanya berasal dari bahasa Yunani dan Latin. Root dapat dicontohkan dengan kata-kata seperti di bawah ini.

Kata :	dog, bark, loud, red
Elemen kata :	carn (daging) pada kata carnivorous ab (jauh dari) pada kata abnormal endo (di dalam) pada kata endotherm ceive (mengambil) pada kata perceive

Dari contoh di atas dapat dilihat bahwa root dapat berupa kata utuh ataupun elemen kata saja.

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Jenis dan Contoh Root

Berikut jenis dan contoh root dalam bahasa Inggris.

Root words	Meanings	Examples and Definitions
a/n	not, without	abyss – without bottom; achromatic – without color; anhydrous – without water
a	on	afire – on fire; ashore – on the shore; aside – on the side
a, ab/s	from, away, off	abduct – carry away by force; abnormal – away from normal, not normal; absent – away, not present; aversion – the act of turning away from
a/c/d	to, toward, near	accelerate – to increase the speed of; accessible – easily entered or obtained; admittance – allowing into
acro	top, height, tip, beginning	acrobat – a “high walker”; acronym – a word from the first letters; acrophobia – fear of height
act	do	activity – something that a person does; react – to do something in response;
aer/o	air	aerate – to let air reach something; aerial – relating to the air; aerospace – the air space
agr/i/o	farming	agriculture – management of the land; agrarian – relating to land management
alg/o	pain	neuralgia – pain caused by a nerve; analgesic – a drug that makes one pain free; nostalgia – aching for the familiar
ambi, amphi	both, on both sides, around	ambiguous – having some meanings
ambul	walk, move	amble – to walk in a slow, relaxed way; ambulant – walking or moving around; ambulance – a vehicle that moves a patient
ami/o	love	amiable – friendly, pleasant, lovable; amity – friendly and peaceful relations; amorous – showing romantic love
ana	up, back, against, again, throughout	anachronism – not in place in time
andr/o	man, male	androgynous – being both male and female; android – resembling a human; misandry – hatred towards men
anim	life, spirit	animal – a living organism; animate – to make alive; equanimity – of balanced spirit
ann/enn	year	anniversary – a date observed once a year; annual – happening once a year; millennium – 1,000 years
ante	before, in front	antecede – to come before the time; antemeridian – before noon; anteroom – a small room before main room
anth/o	flower	chrysanthemum – a name of flower; anthozoan – half plant, half animal
anthrop/o	human	anthropology – the study of mankind; philanthropy – the love to mankind
anti	against, opposite of	antiseptic – preventing infection; antisocial – opposing social norm
apo, apho	away, off, separate	aphorism – a short expression of truth; apology – an explicit expression of regret
aqu/a	water	aquarium – a water container for fish; aquatic – relating to water; aqueduct – a pipeline for water
arbor	tree	arborist – someone working with trees; arbor – a shady area formed by trees; arborous – having many trees
arch/i	chief, most important, rule	archbishop – the highest ranking bishop; archenemy – chief or worst enemy; matriarch – a female who rules a group; monarch – a king or queen
arch/a/i	primitive, ancient	archaeology – the study of ancient cultures; archaic – belonging to an earlier period; archive – a collection of historical materials
arthr/o	joint	arthroscope – a tool to see inside a joint; arthritis – inflammation of a joint; arthropod – invertebrates with jointed legs
art	skill	artifact – object made by a person’s skill; artisan – a person skilled in a craft; artist – a person who creates skillfully
astro, aster	star, stars, outer space	astronaut – a person traveling to the stars; astronomer – someone studying the stars; asterisk – a star-shaped sign
aud/i/io	hear	audible – loud enough to be heard; audience – people who listen to a program; audiovisual – relating to sound and vision
auto	self, same, one	autograph – a person’s own signature; automatic – moving by itself
avi/a	bird	aviary – a large enclosure for birds; aviatrix – a female airplane pilot
bar/o	pressure, weight	baryon – heavy elementary particle
bell/i	war	bellicose – warlike; belligerent – hostile, ready to fight; rebel – person who opposes and fights
bene	good, well	beneficial – producing a good effect; benevolent – showing kindness or goodwill
bi/n	two, twice, once in every two	biannual – happening twice a year; binoculars – optical device with two lenses; bilateral – of or involving two sides
bibli/o	book	bibliography – a list of books as sources; bibliomania – an extreme love of books; bibliophile – a person who loves books
bio	life, living matter	biology – the science of life
blast/o	cell, primitive, immature cell	blastula – an early stage of embryo
burs	pouch, purse	bursar – an administrative officer of funds; bursary – treasury of college or monastery; disburse – to expend a public fund
calc	stone	calcify – to harden into calcium compounds
cand	glowing, iridescent	candid – free from bias, prejudice, or malice; candle – something that gives light
capt, cept, ceive	take, hold	intercept – to stop or interrupt; perceive – to take notice of something; captivating – taking hold of
cardi/o	heart	cardiac – relating to the heart; cardiogenic – resulting from heart disease; cardiologist – a heart doctor
carn/i	flesh, meat	carnivorous – flesh-eating; carnal – pertaining to the body or flesh; incarnate – given bodily form
cata	down, against completely, intensive, according to	cataclysm – a flood or other disaster; catalog – a complete listing; catastrophe – turning for the worst
caust, caut	to burn	cauterize – to burn with a hot instrument; caustic – capable of burning or eating away; holocaust – total devastation, esp. by fire
cede, ceed, cess	go, yield	exceed – to go beyond the limits; recede – to go back
celer	fast	accelerate – to increase the speed of; decelerate – to reduce the speed of
cent/i	hundred, hundredth	centennial – the 100th anniversary; centimeter – 1/100 of a meter; century – 100 years
centr/o/i	center	egocentric – self-centered; eccentric – not according to norm; centrifugal – moving outward from a center
cephal/o	head	encephalitis – inflammation of the brain; cephalic – pertaining to the head
cerebr/o	brain	cerebral – pertaining to the brain; cerebrate – to use the brain
cert	sure	ascertain- to find out with certainty; certain – being absolutely sure; certify – to state that something is true
chrom/o chromat/o, chros	color, pigment	achromatic – without color; chromium – blue-white metallic element; chromatics – the study of color
chron/o	time	chronic – lasting for a long time; chronological – in time order; synchronize – happening at the same time
chrys/o	gold, yellow	helichrysum – a golden/yellow flower; chrysolite – a yellowish gem
cide, cise	cut, kill	homicide – murder; incisor – a sharp tooth for cutting food; insecticide – a chemical used to kill insects
circum, circle	around, about	circumnavigate – to sail around; circumscribe – to draw around; circumspect – looking around
claim, clam	shout, speak out	clamor – to shout and make noise; exclaim – to cry out loudly and suddenly
clar	clear	clarification – an explanation; clarify – to make something clear; declare – to state something clearly
clud, clus	close	conclusion – the end or last part; exclusion – shutting out, rejecting; seclude – to keep away from; to isolate
cline	lean	inclination – a leaning toward; incline – a surface that slopes or leans; recline – to lean back and relax
co	with, together, joint	coauthor – a writer working with another one
col	together, jointly	collaborate – to work together; collision – smashing together
com	together, common	commemorate – to memorize together; composition – an arrangement of parts
cogn/i	know	cognition – process of acquiring knowledge; incognito – disguised so no one knows you; recognize – to discover that one knows
con	with, jointly	concur – to agree with someone; contemporary – of the same time period
contra/o	against, opposite	contradict – to argue against, contraflow; contrary – not in agreement; controversy – disagreement
corp/o	body	corpse – a dead body; corporal – pertaining to the body
cosm/o	universe	cosmonaut – a Russian astronaut; cosmos – the universe; microcosm – a miniature universe
counter	opposite, contrary, opposing	counteract – to oppose an effect; countermand – to cancel a previous order; counteroffensive – attack against an attack
cranio	skull	craniology – the study of skull; cranium – skull of vertebrates; cranial – pertaining to the skull
cred	believe	credence – belief that something is true; credulous – believing things too easily; incredible – unbelievable
cruc	cross	crucial – having the form of a cross ; crucifix – the cross as Christian emblem
crypto	hidden, secret	cryptic – of hidden meaning; cryptography – science of secret codes; encrypt – encode into secret code
cumul	mass, heap	accumulate – to gather or pile up; cumulative – gradually building up
curr, curs	run	concurrent – running parallel; current – flowing easily and smoothly
cycl	circle, ring	bicycle – a vehicle with two wheels; cycle – a sequence that is repeated; cyclone – a storm with circling winds
de	reduce, away, down, remove	decelerate – to slow down, reduce speed; dethrone – to remove from power; debug – to remove bugs
dec/a, deka	ten	decade – 10 years; December – the 10th month in calendar
deci	one tenth	deciliter – a tenth of a liter; decimate – reduce dramatically; decibel – one tenth of volume unit
dem/o	people	democracy – government of the people; demographic – the study of people; epidemic – spreading in a region
demi	half, less than	demitasse – a small cup of coffee
dendr/o/i	tree	dendriform – in the shape of a tree
dent, dont	tooth	dental – relating to teeth; dentist – a doctor for the teeth; dentures – a set of false teeth
derm/a	skin	dermatologist – a doctor for the skin; pachyderm – animals with very thick skin dermatitis – inflammation of the skin
di/plo	two, twice	dichromatic – displaying two colors; diploma – a letter folded double; dilemma – having two alternatives
di/s	apart, away, not, to the opposite	digression – departure from the main issue; disappear – to move out of sight; dissect – to cut apart piece by piece.
dia	through, between, apart, across	dialog – conversation between two people
dict	speak	contradict – to express the opposite of; prediction – statement foretelling the future
domin	master	dominate – to be the master of; domineering – excessively controlling; predominate – to have more power
don/at	give	donation – a contribution or gift; donor – someone who gives something; pardon – to give forgiveness for an offense
duc/t	lead	conduct – to lead musicians to play music; educate – to lead to knowledge; deduction – a subtraction of an amount.
du/o	two, twice	duplicate – make an identical copy; duet – a musical composition for two voices; duo – a pair thought of as being together
dur	harden, to last, lasting	durable – having the quality of lasting; duration – length of time something lasts; enduring – able to last.
dyn/a/am	power, energy, strength	dynamo – a generator of energy; dynamic – having physical energy/power; dynamite – a powerful explosive.
dys	abnormal, bad	dyspepsia – abnormal digestion; dystopia – imaginary place of total misery
e	out, away	emissary – representative sent on mission; eject – throw out forcefully
ego	self	egoistic – self-centered; alter ego – a higher aspect of oneself
em, en	into, cover with, cause	empower – put into power; engorge – make larger
endo	within, inside	endogamy – marriage within one’s clan
enn/i, anni	years	bicentennial – of a period of 200 years; centennial – of a period of 100 years; perennial – lasting through many years.
en, in	inside, inwards	envision – to picture in the mind; enclose – lock inside; inwards – towards the inside.
ep/i	on, upon, over, among, at, after, to, outside	epidemic – rapid spread of a bad thing; epilogue – a short speech given after a play; epicenter – the center of an earthquake.
equ/i	equal, equally	equanimity – calm temperament of temper; equation – a statement of equality
erg/o	work	ergonomics – study of working environment; energy – the power to accomplish work
esth/aesth	feeling, sensation, beauty	esthetician – someone who beautifies; aesthetic – pertaining to a sense of beauty; kinesthesia – sensation of bodily movement
ethno	race, people	ethnic – a defined group of people; ethnology – the science of people and races
eu	good, well	euphonious – having a pleasant sound; euphoria – feeling of well-being
ex	from, out,	excavate – to dig out; exhale – to breathe out; extract – to pull out
extra, extro	outside, beyond	extraordinary – beyond ordinary; extraterrestrial – outside the Earth; extrovert – an outgoing person
fac/t	make, do	artifact – an object made by a person; factory – a place where things are made; malefact – a person who does wrong
fer	bear, bring, carry	confer – to bring an honor to someone; ferry – a boat that carries passengers; transfer – to move to another place
fid	faith	confide – place trust in someone; fidelity – faithfulness; fiduciary – a trustee
flect	bend	deflect – to bend by hitting; inflection – bending in the voice’s tone; flexible – easily bending
flor/a, fleur	flower	florist – someone working with flowers; floral – flowerlike; flora – plant life of a particular time or area
for	completely	forsaken – completely lost; forgiven – completely given
fore	in front of, previous, earlier	forebear – ancestor; forecast – a preview of events to be
form	shape	formation- something that is formed; reformatory – intended for reformation
fract, frag	break	fracture – a break; fragile – easy to break; fraction – a part or element of a larger whole
fug	flee, run away, escape	fugitive – a person who is running away; refuge – a sheltered place to flee to; refugee – a person seeking protection
funct	perform, work	defunct – no longer working or alive; function – to perform a role normally; malfunction – to fail to work correctly
fus	pour	confusion – feeling hard to make sense fuse – to melt by heating; infuse – to put into
gastr/o	stomach	gastric – pertaining to the stomach; gastritis – inflammation of the stomach
gen/o/e/ genesis	birth, production, formation, kind	genealogy – study of the history of a family; genetic – relating to heredity of genes
geo	earth, soil, global	geography – study of the earth’s surface; geology – study of the structure of the earth; geoponics – soil based agriculture
ger	old age	geriatrics – medicine for the elderly; gerontocracy – the rule of the elders; gerontology – the science of aging
giga	a billion	gigabyte – one billion bytes; gigahertz – one billion Hz/sec; gigawatt – one billion watts
gon	angle	decagon – a polygon with 10 angles; octagon – a geometrical figure with 8 angles
gram	letter, written	diagram – a simple drawing; grammar – rules of written language; telegram – a message sent by telegraph
gran	grain	granule – a little grain (as of sugar)
graph/y	writing, recording, written	graphology – the study of handwritings; autograph – written with one’s own hand
grat	pleasing	gratify – to please someone; grateful – feeling thankful; gratuity – a tip, token of appreciation
gyn/o/e	woman, female	gynephobia – fear of women; gynecoid – resembling a woman
gress, grad/e/i	to step, to go	digression – departure from the main issue; progress – movement forward or onward; gradual – step by step
hect/o, hecat	hundred	hectoliter – 100 liters; hectare – 100 ares or 10,000 square meters; hectometer – 100 meters
helic/o	spiral, circular	helix – a spiral form; helicon – a circular tuba
heli/o	sun	heliotropism – movement of the sun
hemi	half, partial	hemicycle – a semicircular structure; hemisphere – one half of the earth; hemistich – half a line of poetry
hem/o/a	blood	hemorrhage – clotting of the blood; hemorrhoids – swelling of the blood vessels; hemoglobin – red blood particle
hepa	liver	hepatitis – inflammation of the liver; hepatoma – a tumor of the liver; hepatotoxic – toxic and damaging to liver
hept/a	seven	heptagon – shape with seven angles; heptateuch – seven books of Old Testament;
herbi	grass, plant	herbicide – any chemical to kill plants; herbivorous – plant-eating; herbal – relating to plants
hetero	different, other	heterogeneous – made of unrelated parts
hex/a	six	hexagon – a shape with six angles; hexameter – a verse measured in six; hexapod – having six legs
histo	tissue	histology – study of tissue structures
homo, homeo	like, alike, same	homogeneous – of the same nature or kind; homonym – sounding alike
hydr/o	liquid, water	hydrate – to add water to; hydrophobia – intense fear of water; hydraulic – operated by liquid force
hygr/o	moisture, humidity	hygrometer – tool to measure humidity
hyper	too much, over, excessive, beyond	hyperactive – very restless; hypercritical – too critical; hypertension – above normal pressure
hyp/o	under	hypoglycemia – low level of blood sugar; hypothesis – a theory to be proven
iatr/o	medical care	geriatrics – medical care of the elderly; pediatrician – a doctor who treats children; podiatry – medical care for feet
icon/o	image	icon – simple graphic of symbolic content; iconology – science of symbols and icons
idio	peculiar, personal, distinct	idiomatic – peculiar to a certain language; idiot – someone distinctly foolish or stupid
il, in	in, into	illuminate – to give light to; innovation – a new idea, method, or device; inspection – act of examining or reviewing
ig, il, im, in, ir	not, without	illegal – not legal; impossible – not possible; inappropriate – not appropriate; irresponsible – not responsible
imag	likeness	image – a likeness of someone; imaginative – able to think up new ideas; imagine – to form a picture in the mind
infra	beneath, below	infrared – below the regular light spectrum
inter	between, among, jointly	intersection – a place roads come together; intercept – to stop or interrupt the course of
intra, intro	within, inside	intrastate – existing in one state; intravenous – inside or into a vein
ir	not	irredeemable – not redeemable; irreformable – not reformable; irrational – not rational
iso	equal	isometric – having equality of measure; isothermal – having constant temperature
ject	throw	eject – to throw someone/something out; interject – to throw remark into discussion; project – to cast or throw something.
jud	law	judgment – a decision of a court of law; judicial – having to do with courts of law; judiciary – a system of courts of law.
junct	join	conjunction – word joining sentences’ parts; disjunction – a disconnection; junction – a place where two things join
juven	young	juvenile – youthful or childish; rejuvenate – to bring back to youth
kilo	thousand	kilobyte – 1,000 bytes; kilometer – 1,000 meter; kilograms – 1,000 grams
kine/t /mat	motion, division	kinetics – study of the force of motion; cinematography – motion picture making
lab	work	collaborate – to work with a person; elaborate – to work out the details; laborious – requiring a lot of hard work
lact/o	milk	lactate – to give milk, nurse; lactose – the sugar contained in milk
later	side	bilateral – of or involving two sides; unilateral – affecting one side of something
leuk/o, leuc/o	white, colorless	leukocyte – a mature white blood cell; leucine – a white, crystalline amino acid
lex	word, law, reading	lexicology – the study and history of words; alexia – loss of the ability to read; illegal – not authorized by the official rules
liber	free	liberate – to set free; libertine – a person with a free, wild lifestyle; liberty – freedom
lingu	language, tongue	linguist – one who studies languages; multilingual – in multiple languages; linguine – long, flat “tongue-shaped” pasta
lip/o	fat	lipase – enzyme that breaks down fat; lipoid – resembling fat.
lite, ite, lith/o	mineral, rock, fossil	apatite – a group of common minerals; granite – a hard, granular rock; monolith – a remarkable, unique stone
loc	place	location – a place; relocate – to move to a new place
log/o	word, doctrine, discourse	logic – correct reasoning; monologue – a long speech by one speaker; analogy – similarity between two things
loqu, locu	speak	loquacious – very talkative; elocution – art of public speaking
luc	light	elucidate – to explain, to throw light on; lucid – easily understood, giving off light; translucent – allowing light through
lud, lus	to play	prelude – introduction to major performance; illusion – misleading optical image; delude – to mislead, deceive
lumin	light	illuminate – to fill with light; lumen – unit measuring light
lun/a/i	moon	lunar – relating to the moon; lunarscape – the surface of the moon; lunatic – insane (driven mad by the moon)
macro	large, great	macroevolution – large scale evolution; macromolecule – a large molecule
magn/a/i	great, large	magnify – make larger; magnificent – grand
mal/e	bad, ill, wrong	malcontent – wrong content; malaria – infectious disease from “bad air” malicious – showing strong ill will
man/i/u	hand	maneuver – to move by hand; manual – done with the hands; manuscript – a book written by hand
mand	to order	command – an order or instruction; demand – a hard-to-ignore order; mandate – an official order
mania	madness, insanity, excessive desire	bibliomania – a crazy love of books; egomania – a mad love of oneself; maniac – an insane person
mar/i	sea	marina – a harbor for pleasure boats; maritime – relating to the sea; submarine – an undersea boat; aquamarine – color of sea water
mater, matr/i	mother	maternal – relating to motherhood; maternity – the state of being a mother; matriarch – a woman head of a household
max	greatest	maximal – the best or greatest possible; maximize – to make as great as possible; maximum – the greatest amount
medi	middle	medieval – pertaining to the Middle Ages; medium – in the middle; mediocre – only of medium (inferior) quality
mega	great, large, million	megalopolis – area with many nearby cities; megaphone – device projecting a loud voice; megastructure – a huge structure
melan/o	black	melancholy – a state of dark emotions; melanoma – malignant dark skin tumor; melodrama – a dark, pathetic drama
memor/i	remember	commemorate – to honor the memory of; memorial – remembering a person or event; memory – stock of retained knowledge
merge, mers	dip, dive	immerse – to dip something into a liquid; submerge – to dip something into water
meso	middle	Mesoamerica – Middle America
meta	change, after, beyond, between	metaphysics – study of nature and reality; metamorphosis – complete change of form
meter, metr/y	measure	chronometer – instrument measuring time; metric – measure
micro	very small, short, minute	microbe – a very small living thing
mid	middle	midriff – area between chest and waist; midterm – middle of a term in school; midway – halfway between
migr	move	migrant – person moving between places; migration – the process of moving
milli	onethousandth	millimeter – one thousandth of a meter; millibar – one thousandth of a bar; milliliter – one thousandth of a liter
min/i	small, less	mini – something that is very small; minuscule – extremely tiny; minutiae – very small or trivial details
mis/o	bad, badly, wrong, wrongly, to hate	misbehave – to behave badly; misprint – an error in printing
miss, mit	send, let go	dismiss – to send someone away; missile – a weapon sent into the air; emit – to send something out; admittance – entry
mob	move	immobilize – to stop from moving; mobile – able to move freely; mobility – the quality of being able to move
mon/o	one, single, alone	monochromat – having one color; monologue – a speech by one person; monotheism – belief in one god
mot, mov	move	motion – the act of moving; motivate – to move someone to action; promote – to move someone forward; removable – able to be moved
morph/o	form	metamorphosis – complete change of form; amorphous – without distinct shape or form
mort	death	immortal – living forever, unable to die; mortal – certain to die; mortician – an undertaker
multi	many, more than one or two	multicolored – having many colors; multimedia – using a range of media; multitasking – doing many things at once
mut	change	immutable – not changing; mutant – a changed organism; mutate – to undergo a change
my/o	muscle	myocardium – heart’s middle muscle; myasthenia – muscle fatigue or weakness; myosin – common protein in muscle tissue
narr	tell	narrate – to tell a story; narrative – a story; narrator – a person who tells a story
nat	born	innate – included since birth; natal – relating to birth; natural – gotten at birth, not afterward
nav	ship	circumnavigate – to sail around a place; naval – relating to a navy or warships; navigate – to sail a ship through a place
necr/o	dead, death	necrophil – loving death; necrosis – death of tissue due to disease; necrology – a list of dead people
neg	no	negate – to say it didn’t happen; negative – meaning “no”; renege – to go back on a promise
neo	new, recent	neoclassic – a revival of classic form
nephr/o	kidney	nephritis – inflammation of the kidneys; nephrotomy – surgical incision of a kidney
neur/o	nerve	neuralgia – pain along a nerve; neurologist – a nerve-specialized doctor
nom/in	name	misnomer – error in naming something; nominate – to name for election
non	no, not, without	nonfiction – true, real, not made-up; nonsense – without sense
not	mark	notable – marked as worthy of attention; annotate – to add remarks
noun, nunc	declare	announce – to declare in public; denounce – to proclaim harsh criticism; enunciate – to declare something clearly
nov	new	innovate – to introduce a new way; novelty – something new; novice – a person who is new at a job
numer	number	enumerate – to name a number of items; numerous – a large number
ob, op	in the way, against	object – to be against something; obscure – hard to understand; opposition – action against
oct/a/o	eight	octagon – a figure with 8 sides and 8 angles; octogenarian – person in his or her 80s; octopus – sea animal with 8 arms
ocu	eye	monocula – relating to one eye; oculist – an eye doctor
od	path, way	diode –  tube with cathode and anode
odor	smell, scent	malodorous – having a terribly bad smell; odoriferous – something that bears a scent
omni	all	omnipotent – with all the power; omniscient – knowing all things; omnivorous eating all foods
op/t/s	eye, visual condition, sight	optic – relating to the eyes; optician – a person who fits eyeglasses; autopsy – the examination of a dead body
opt	best	optimal – the best, the most desirable; optimize – to make the best of; optimum – the best something could be
ortho	straight	orthography – the correct way of writing
osteo	bone	osteology – the study of bones
out	goes beyond, surpasses, exceeds	outgoing – being of lively, sharing nature; outdoing – doing better than; outdoor – outside
over	excessive	overstock – more supplies than is desirable
oxi/oxy	sharp	oxymoron – combining two conflicting ideas oxidize – corrode a surface
pale/o	ancient	paleontology – study of ancient fossils; paleography – study of ancient writing; paleolithic – period of the Stone Age
pan	all, any, everyone	panacea – a cure for all diseases; panorama – an all-around view; pantheism – the worship of all gods; pandemic – affecting all
para	beside, beyond, abnormal, assistant	parallel – alongside an equal distance apart
para	protection from	parachute – protection from falling
pater, patr/i	father	paternal – relating to fathers; paternity – fatherhood; patriarch – a man who rules a group
path	feeling, emotion	antipathy – a feeling of great dislike; apathy – a lack of feeling or interest
ped/i/e	foot, feet	pedal – a lever pushed by the foot; pedestrian – one who walks; pedicure – cosmetic treatment of feet
pel	drive, force	compel – to force someone to act; expel – to drive someone out of a place; repel – to force back
pent/a	five	pentagon – shape having 5 angles; pentagram – a five-pointed star; pentathlon – a contest with five events
pept, peps	digestion	dyspepsia – abnormal digestion; peptic – aiding digestion; pepsin – a digestive enzyme
per	through, throughout	permanent – lasting throughout all time; permeate – to spread throughout; persist – to continue for a long time; perennial – lasting through many years
peri	around, enclosing	peripheral – lying outside of the center; perimeter – the outer boundary of an area
phag/e	to eat	sarcophagy – cannibalism; xylophagous – feeding on wood
phil/o	love, friend	philanthropist – one who loves humanity; philology – the love of words; philosophy – the love of wisdom; bibliophil – loving books
phon/o /e/y	sound	cacophony – loud, unpleasant sounds; phonetic – relating to human speech sounds
phot/o	light	photogenic – caused by light; photon – the smallest possible unit of light
phyll/o	leaf	chlorophyll – green pigments in leaves
phys	nature, medicine, the body	physical – relating to the body; physician – a doctor; physique – nature and shape of one’s body
phyt/o/e	plant, to grow	hydrophyte – a plant growing only in water; neophyte – a new believer
plas/t/m	to form, development, forming cells	protoplasm – the living portion of a cell; plastic – able to be formed
plaud, plod, plaus, plos	approve, clap	applaud – to show approval of; plausible – worthy of being applauded
pneum/o	breathing, lung, air, spirit	pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs; pneumatic – using the force of air; dyspnea – difficulty breathing
pod/e	foot	podiatrist – a doctor for the feet; podium – a small platform to stand on; tripod – a stand or frame with 3 legs
poli	city	metropolis – a large city; politics – a action of a government
poly	many, more than one	polychrome – with many colors
pon	place, put	opponent – a person against an action, idea; postpone – to put off doing something
pop	people	popular – appealing to a lot of people; population – all people living in an area; populist – a supporter of the rights of people
port	carry	export – to carry goods out of a place; portable – able to be carried; porter – a person who carries luggage
pos	place, put	deposit – to place or drop something; position – the place where someone is
post	after, behind	posthumous – after someone’s death; postpone – to delay something
pre	earlier, before, in front of	prepare – to get ready in advance
pro	before, in front of, for, forward	prognosis – a prediction of what will happen; prologue – a passage before the main part; prophet – a person who foretells the future
prot/o	primitive, first, chief	prototype – the first of a kind; protocol – a first draft of a document
pseud/o	wrong, false	pseudonym – a fictitious name; pseudopregnancy – a false pregnancy
psych/o	mind, mental	psyche – the human spirit or soul; psychology – the study of the mind
pugn/a, pung	to fight	pugnacious – having a quarrelsome nature; repugnant – offensive or revolting; pungent – piercing
pul	urge	compulsion – a very strong urge; expulsion – to someone out
purg	clean	purge – remove anything undesirable; purgatory – a place to clean souls from sin
put	think	computer – an electronic thinking device; dispute – to disagree with another thinking; input – contribution of one’s thinking
pyr/o	fire, heat	pyrotechnics – the art of making fireworks; pyretic – relating to or producing fever
quad/r/ri	four	quadrennium – period of 4 years; quadruped – a 4-footed animal
quart	fourth	quarter – one fourth; quart – a fourth of a gallon
quin/t	five, fifth	quintessence – pure essence; quintuple – fivefold
radic, radix	root	eradicate – pull out at the roots; radish – an edible root of the mustard family
radio	radiation, ray	radioactive – emitting radiation
ram/i	branch	ramification – consequence of a decision; ramify – to spread or branch out; ramus – a branchlike part
re	again, back, backward	rebound – to spring back again; rewind – to wind something backward; reaction – a response
reg	guide, rule	regime – a government that rules; regulate – to apply a rule
retro	backward, back	retroactive – relating to past things
rhin/o	nose	rhinoplasty – surgery of the nose
rhod/o	red	rhododendron – a red/pink flower; rhodopsin – a purple pigment in the retina
rid	laugh	deride – to make fun of someone; ridicule – to make fun or mock; ridiculous – silly, causing laughter
rrh/ea /oea/ag	flow, discharge	hemorrhage – heavy blood flow
rub	red	ruby – deep red color; rubella – measles; bilirubin – reddish pigment in bile
rupt	break, burst	interrupt – to break into a conversation rupture – a break in something
san	health	sane – mentally healthy; sanitary – relating to cleanliness and health
scend	climb, go	ascend – to climb upward; descend – to go or climb down
sci	know	conscious – knowing what is happening omniscient – knowing everything
scler/o	hard	sclerometer – a device to measure hardness
scop/e/y	see, examine, observe	microscope – a device to see tiny things
scrib, script	write, written	inscribe – to write letters or words; scribe – a person who writes out documents
se	apart	secede – to formally break away from; seclude – to keep away from; serum – a liquid isolated out of another
sect	cut	dissect – to cut apart piece by piece; bisect – to cut into two equal parts
sed, sid, sess	sit	reside – be stationed
self	of, for, or by itself	self-respect – respect for yourself
semi	half, partial	semiannual – every half year; semicircle – half a circle; semiconscious – partly conscious; semiannual – every half of a year
sept/i	seven	September – the seventh month; septet – a group of seven musicians
serv	save, keep	conserve – to save or keep something safe; preserve – to save something; reservation – a place kept for a person
sex	six	sextet – a composition or group of six; sextuple – sixfold; sexagenarian – person in his/her sixties
sol	alone	desolate – lonely, dismal, gloomy; solitary – done alone, by yourself; solo – one’s performance
sol	sun	solar – involving the sun; parasol – umbrella protecting from the sun
somn/I	sleep	insomnia – inability to fall asleep; somniloquy – talking in your sleep; somnolent – feeling sleepy
son	sound	consonant – a speech sound; sonorous – producing loud, full, rich sounds; supersonic – faster than sound; unison – as one voice
soph	wise	philosopher – a wise person sophism – a clever but misleading argument
spec/t, spic	see, look	circumspect – cautious, looking all around; retrospective – looking back at past things; spectator – a person who sees an event
sphere	ball	biosphere – round surface of the earth
spir	breathe	inspire – to stimulate or animate; spirit – invisible life force
sta	stand	stable – standing steady and firm; stagnant – standing still, not moving; stationary – at a standstill, fixed
stell	star	interstellar – between the stars; stellar – relating to stars
struct	build	construct – to build; structure – something built
sub	under, lower than, inferior to	submarine – an underwater boat; submerge – to put underwater; substandard – inferior to standards
sum	highest	sum – the combined total of everything; summation – the total, highest amount; summit – the highest point or top
super	higher in quality or quantity	super bowl – the final annual football game; superior – above average, better in quality; supersonic – faster than the speed of sound
sy/m /n/l/s	together, with, same	symmetry – similarity in arrangement; synergy – the combined effect; synchronize – to occur at the same time
tact, tang	touch	contact – a state in which two things touch; tactile – relating to the sense of touch; tangible – able to be touched; intact – with nothing missing
tax/o	arrangement	syntax – systematic arrangement of words; taxonomy – science of classification
techno	technique, skill	technology – application of knowledge; technocracy – rule of technology
tel/e/o	far, distant, complete	telescope – a device to view distant objects
temp/or	time	contemporary – existing at the same time; temporal – relating to time; temporary – lasting for a limited time
ten, tin, tent	hold	continent – serving to restrain or limit; detention –  the act or fact of detaining;
ter, trit	rub	attrition – act of rubbing together; detritus – a product of disintegration
term/ina	end, limit	terminate – to end; exterminate – to destroy completely
terr/a/i	land, earth	extraterrestrial – existing outside the earth; terrain – ground or land; territory – an area of land
tetra	four	tetrapod – having 4 legs; tetrarchy – government by 4 rulers
the	put	bibliotheca – a list or catalog of books; theme – a proposition for discussion
the/o	god	monotheism – belief in one god; polytheism – worshiping more than one god; theology – the study of religion, god, etc
therm/o	heat	thermal – relating to heat; thermos – an insulated jar to keep heat in; thermostat – a device that controls heat
tort	twist	contortion – a twisted shape or position; distort – to alter the shape or condition of
tox	poison	toxic – poisonous; toxicology – the study of poisons; intoxicated – influenced by drugs
tract	pull, drag	attract – to pull objects nearer; tractor – a motor vehicle that pulls things
trans	across, beyond, through	transcontinental – across the continent; transfer – to move between places
tri	three, once in every three, third	triangle – a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; triathlon – an athletic contest with 3 events; tricycle – a 3-wheeI vehicle with pedals
ultra	beyond, extreme, more than	ultrahigh – extremely high
un	not,opposite of, lacking	unabridged – not shortened; unfair – opposite of fair; unfriendly – lacking friendliness
uni	one, single	unicycle – a vehicle with one wheel; unique – the only one of its kind; unison – as one voice
urb	city	urban – relating to a city; urbanology – the study of city life
vac	empty	evacuate – to empty a dangerous place; vacant – empty, not occupied; vacation – a time without work
ven/t	come	circumvent – to bypass restrictions; intervene – to come between
ver/I	truth	veracious – truthful, honest; veracity – the truth; verify – to make sure that something is true
verb	word	verbalize – to put into words; adverb – a word relating to a verb
vers, vert	turn	reverse – to turn around; introvert – being turned towards the inside; version – a variation of an original
vice	acting in place of, next in rank	vice-president – a person below president
vid	see	evident – clearly seen
vince, vic	conquer	convince – to win someone over; invincible – not able to be conquered; victory – the conquest of an enemy
vis, vid	see	vision – the ability to see; envision – to picture in the mind; evident – clearly visible
viv/i vit	live, life	revival – the act of bringing back to life; vital – pertaining to live; vivacious – high-spirited and full of life
voc/i	voice, call	advocate – to speak in favor of; vocalize – to produce with your voice
vol/i/u	wish, will	volition – act of making a choice or decision; voluntary – resulting from your own free will
vor, vour	eat	carnivorous – meat-eating; voracious – eating food in great quantities; devour – to eat quickly
xanth	yellow	xanthium – a genus of rough or spiny herbs; xanthochromia – yellowish discoloration
xen/o	foreign	xenophobic – afraid of foreigners; xenophile – attracted to foreigners
xer/o/I	dry	xerography – a dry photocopying process; xeric – requiring small amounts of moisture
xyl	wood	xylocarp, xyloid – resembling wood
zo/o	animal life	zoology – study of animals; zooid – resembling an animal
zyg/o	pair	zygote – a cell of the union of two gametes; zygomorphic – having symmetrical form